What is one conflict that Brian faces in “Brian’s Return”?

Brian finds himself in conflict with nature as he ventures alone and somewhat unprepared into the wilderness. Nature proves relentless in her attacks against him, sending torrents of rain and billowing winds that harass his dwelling and begin a series of nearly fatal mishaps. The language expresses the hostility of nature toward him, as â€Å"the wind was hissing and slashing him with water† almost as it the elements had teamed up against him (par. 34). 2.Why are the memories of Willow Creek important to Rick Bass? Support your answer with evidence from the text. (2-3 sentences) Rick Bass remembers has strong memories of Willow Creek because it was there that he was able to commune with nature and find himself at one with and yet in awe of something so much greater than himself. The immensity of nature surrounded and pressed him and made him feel the substance of his life in a way he never had before.His memories of nature cause him to realise that he belongs in the wild and n ot in civilization, as he writes that the geese â€Å"flew away with the last of [his] civility that night† (par. 14). 3. How is the power of nature an important theme in both â€Å"Brian's Return† and â€Å"On Willow Creek†? Support your answer with evidence from both selections. (3-5 sentences) Nature has overwhelmed both the characters in different ways.Brian was overwhelmed with the powerful force of the elements and the danger that is always imminent living bare and unprotected in the wild. Even what Brian brings for protection, his tent, sighs under the pressure of the natural elements (par. 20). The narrator of On Willow Creek feels the power of nature in its vastness, but finds it inspiring. It causes him to feel his tiny insignificance in comparison with nature’s power, as he writes that â€Å"all of the hill country’s creatures had helped him† understand this (par. 1).

Get Your Head In The Game Essay

When in high school, one of the most memorable things to do is go to the games, attend homecoming, or the pep rallies every semester. One thing they all have in common is that they are tied to sports. High school sports are an important part of children’s lives whether they are the ones attending the game or the one playing in it. A few years ago, Solano County tried to cut sports programs because there was no room in the budget for it. The community reacted by spending their whole summer raising money in any way they could by selling things to standing outside of the mall collecting donations with the fire department. High school sports programs are important and should not be on the list of school cuts. One of the first reasons high school sports programs should not be cut is that it keeps kids active and in a safe environment during non-school hours. According to the American Diabetes Association, the national website and organization for diabetes information, one in every four hundred kids under the age of twenty are diagnosed with diabetes (Diabetes Statistics). Type I diabetes is unpreventable but type II diabetes can be prevented with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, which after school sports programs help with to eliminate. If high school sports were to be cut, more and more children would be home sitting around watching television or eating unhealthy. School sports also ensure that children will eat healthier. When trying to get fit for their sport season, kids will eat better to keep up with everyone else and stay in shape. Being a part of a sports program also keeps kids out of trouble because it gives them a place to go and something to do during non-school hours. Angela Shackleford, a high school booster parent, said that cutting sports would â€Å"eliminate clean criminal records, mentors, and livelihoods†. Without a place to go after school, kids may do other things to entertain themselves, including things that may get them in trouble. Another reason is that school sports can also be a stepping stone for many kids to go to college. As tuition rises over time, the ability to pay for college decreases. Many high school athletes use this as a stepping stone in becoming a college athlete. It may be the only means for some kids to pay for college, and to cut high school sports is like cutting a child’s path to college. Shackleford also mentioned that â€Å"some of these kids won’t be able to go to college if they don’t have these scholarships† (Debolt). Being on a team also gives children a sense of unity. They learn how to be a part of a team and work with and get along with people they may or may not like which is a skill they will carry throughout their life. That is another important skill they will take with them when they do go onto college or their future careers. There are more positive reasons than negative reasons to keeping high school sports programs. Although it does cause injury sometimes, children can get hurt anywhere doing anything. It teaches children how to work as a group and rely on one another, it gives them a place to go after school hours and keeps them in shape, and especially can help them get into a college. The reason why so many people in the community, from the fire department to parents, helped raise money to keep these programs available is because they realize how important it is to keep these programs running for the kids.

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay The doorway to the nowadays wireless communication systems was opened by Guglielmo Marconi when he transmitted the three-dot Morse code for alphabet ‘ S ‘ by the use of electromagnetic waves over a 3-KM link in 1895. This laid the foundation of modern communication systems ranging from broadcasting, satellite transmission and radio eventually progressing to nowadays cell phones. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that wireless communication has indeed revolutionized our present society A sudden increase has been observed in the expansion of radio systems during the last two decades. We have seen great evolution in Wireless communication systems from 1G narrowband analog systems in the 1980s to the 2G narrowband digital systems in the 1990s. Now the existing 3G wideband multimedia systems are being deployed. In the meantime, research and progress in the future-generation wideband multimedia radio systems is vigorously being pursued worldwide. To connect mobile users to th e public switched network the United States introduced first radiotelephone service by the end of the 1940s. Improved Mobile Telephone Service was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s due to which lots of improvements like direct dialing and increase in bandwidth took place. IMTS formed the bases of the first analog cellular systems. The term cellular was used due to the fact that coverage areas were split cells, they had a low power transmitter and receiver. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 1. Block diagram of a general communication system. ANALOG vs. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Definition of Digital A method of storing, processing and transmitting information through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. Advantages of Digital low-priced reliable Easy to manipulate Flexible Compatible with other digital systems The information in digital form can only be transmitted without any degradation through a noisy channel In corporated networks Disadvantages of Digital Sampling Error As compared to analogue, larger bandwidth is required in digital communications for the transmission of the same information. Synchronization in the communications system is required to recognize the digital signals, but this is not the case with analogue systems. Definition of Analogue Analogue is a transmission standard that uses electrical impulses to emulate the audio waveform of sound. When you use a phone, the variations in your voice are transformed by a microphone into similar variations in an electrical signal and carried down the line to the exchange. Advantages of Analogue less bandwidth is required More Accurate Disadvantages of Analogue Signal loss and distortion can be seen due to the effects of random noise which is impossible to recover GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS The concept of cellular telephony was introduced in AMPS, short for Advanced Mobile Phone Systems. AMPS divided the total area into small regi ons called cells and this was from where the concept of cellular telephony started. Cellular Systems had many advantages such as they increased quality, capacity, reliability and availability of mobile telephone network. The generations of cellular systems are described below. FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMS First generation cellular telephone systems were introduced in 1980’s. They were based on Analog Frequency Modulation technique. Each channel was assigned a sole frequency.

Comparison between North and South China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparison between North and South China - Essay Example Important ecological and climatic differences between southern and northern China are also demarcated by the Qinling range. Southern China received more rainfalls than northern China, and with the introduction of the seeds and technology necessary for wet rice cultivation into southern China in A.D. 200, there was a population explosion because of the increased food production in the South. The South had very large rice harvests, which were able to sustain a much larger population than northern agriculture ever could. This was responsible for causing the population of southern China to grow both through a net migration into the region and by natural increase. As a result of this, by around A.D. 1100, the south was the home to the majority of China’s population, a situation which is currently prevalent (Wright, 2011). Although northern China has a smaller population in comparison to southern China, it is vital to remember the fact that the north and not the south was the cradle of the Chinese civilization (Wright, 2011). Large parts of the people of China are of the Han decent. The Han identify themselves with China’s dominant national culture in addition to having a huge sense of tradition and history that can be traced back to more than a thousand years and encompasses many scientific, artistic, and cultural accomplishments. Some of China’s minority groups like the Manchu have almost been totally assimilated, although they still maintain their own religion and languages. When the Mao who led the communist government took over in 1949, the new government quickly set out to try and establish and form a sense of national uniqueness that was based purely on the common ideals of hard work and equality. Minority groups like the Mongolians, Kazakhs, Zhuangs, and Tibetans have not been totally assimilated and they still try and maintain their cultural, historical, and linguistic distinctness (Barabantseva, 2011). Currently, the Chinese government officially recognizes about fifty five minorit y groups spread out all over the country, each having its own distinct culture and set of traditions. Most of the minority ethnic groups in the country are found to live in the outer China region. This is because the Hans have consistently and persistently been forcing them over the centuries into those generally harsh and less desirable lands. The Hans also seem to consider these other minority groups as greatly inferior to them, if not totally not sub-human, and have been using the Chinese character for â€Å"dog† to refer to them until very recently. As a result of this, the minority groups are found to harbor a great deal of resentment for the Hans, with some of them, like the Xianjiang and Tibet, repeatedly attempting to secede and separate themselves from the main Chinese republic (Barabantseva, 2011). Religious Comparison between North China and South China Modern day religious differences between north and south China are not very vast. In describing religion in China , basically two sorts of religiosity can be

IFRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IFRS - Essay Example The reason for opting for gradual convergence instead of adoption is that the local accounting body may want to become involved in the standard setting process. If IFRS is adopted fully then we will just have to accept what a few people have decided for us. I think we should be involved in decisions that affect us, and other countries have taken a similar approach. In fact, Ramanna and Sletten (2009) indicates that there is evidence to suggests that the more powerful countries like the US are not willing to surrender their authority to set accounting standards to an international body. However, Ramanna and Sletten (2009) found that counties are more likely to adopt IFRS when trade partners or countries within the geographical area in which they operate adopt IFRSs. This is one of the reasons for the importance of the transition to IFRS. Hoogervorst (2013) indicates that 75% of the countries in the G20 group of which Indonesia is apart use IFRS. I found out that the reactions in relat ion to the adoption of IFRS are mixed. There are ongoing changes to IFRS and so the gap between Indonesian Standards will widen as new changes are set for this year. In expressing their views to the Vice President of Indonesia some people indicated that at least a level of convergence with IFRS will help to reduce the level of corruption that prevents change from taking place in the country (Shying 2012). Additionally, at an IFRS Regional Policy Forum which was held in Bali in 2011, participants from 21 countries including Indonesia reaffirmed their commitment to ultimate adoption and to achieve accounting standards of the highest quality (CFO Innovation 2011). One of the concerns expressed at the forum in Bali was the requirement of investors for financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. This is particularly crucial for companies that need foreign investors. In fact, Hoogervorst (2013) in a speech indicated that full adoption would assist Indonesia sustain economic dev elopment. Hoogervorst further stated that IFRS is close to becoming the global language of financial reporting. Approximately ten years ago only a few countries were using IFRSs. Now over 100 countries have it as a requirement or permit the use of it. The move to accept IFRS has been made for many reasons including the fact that the creation of a common economic market requires a common financial reporting language. With globalisation the world is now one village and so use of the same financial reporting standards make sense for comparative purposes. I agree with Istiningrum (2011) point that the benefits that companies can derive from transition to IFRS outweigh all costs that are incurred during the conversion process. Giri (2008 cited in Istiningrum 2011) makes a compelling case for adoption with an example of a case where translation of Daimler Benz net profit reported of DM 602 million based on a German Accounting Standards changed to a net loss of DM1,839 million when it was translated to US Accounting Standards. With Indonesia adopting this standard more opportunities are provided for investment in Indonesian companies. However, some stakeholders still see a problem since IFRS takes a principle based approach and so Standards can be applied differently by companies (Elena et al 2009). The adoption of IFRS would therefore provide Indonesian compan

Social Justice, Access to Health Care and Abortion Debate Essay

Social Justice, Access to Health Care and Abortion Debate - Essay Example Universal access to health care is crucial as this is a basic human right. The health of a society is affected by not simply the ease of visiting a doctor, but also by the social status and the existing unfairness in universal coverage. Universal coverage of a population implies that when the population seeks health care, they receive at least a package of the service at a fair cost at the delivery point. Before legalizing any aspect of health intervention such as cloning or euthanasia, universal access should be ensured. Cloning and euthanasia have paramount impact on the culture and taboos of the population; thus, any application without prior universal access to the community will violate a population’s social rights. Ethical issues may arise in this case because the two medical advancements are not fully acceptable by all cultures. According to Pan American Health Organization, the ethical issue relating to euthanasia is if it is permissible to take one’s own life o r if another person should be a partisan in taking another person’s life. Advocates of the practice argue that it is humane for a person to help another person die if it is the only recommended way of eliminating their pain and suffering. Those opposing it argue that it amounts to murder and contradicts the fundamentals of social justice. Proponents of human cloning argue that the technology is a huge progression towards human and technological evolution. Those opposing it claim that it belittles the divine value associated with humans thereby reducing them into disposable artifacts. Ensuring universal access before applying such medical interventions will address the mentioned divergent views and avert their unfair or genocidal impacts. According to Lu, the benefits of any medical intervention cannot be realized if they are not extended equally within the society (79). Access to healthcare is a requirement for social justice. Therefore, the legislation should lay equal empha sis on the universal coverage of medical services and related healthcare benefits to all. Cloning and euthanasia are forms of health care that have a central role to play in ensuring social justice as they contribute in promoting the welfare and opportunities among community members. This sustains people’s participation in all spheres of life. Lu and Hsiao also posit that the relationship between health care and opportunity suggests that the distributive justice should be ensured in all sectors of the health care system. This is in order to uphold the virtue of equality of opportunity as stipulated in the concept of social justice (82). Some of the challenges to ensuring universal coverage and access to health care are related to structural inequalities in regards to race, gender, ethnicity and caste. Achievement of universal access to health care calls for improvement in three dimensions namely; expansion of the extent of financial protection available to the population, put ting in place efficient organizational and structural mechanisms for improving financial protection and widening the range of services available at a subsidized cost. Deal with the main pros and cons on the abortion debate and spell out what the pro-life, pro- choice and more moderate positions are. Then state your own view on this to justify and defend it from likely criticisms. Is there a slippery slope effect here from allowing abortions? Will society

Analysis of the 6th Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Essay

Analysis of the 6th Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Environments - Essay Example Appreciating landscapes may involve purely sensory layers such as sight, sound and smell. Rely do this layers exist alone. Whenever we look at a landscape we seek out formal relationships which include conceptualizing and recognizing and adding context and background including many more. Metaphysical imagination is a concept used to explain the aspects of nature for which there are no clear concepts and exact words to use. This in essence means that landscapes reveal and conceal much more beauty than what we see, meaning it has much more to offer. The aesthetic experience of nature includes a diverse range of components from the basic ones like rocks and stones, to the bigger components which ultimately is the world as whole. This chapter aims at clarifying five principal components that deal with landscape and metaphysics namely; 1) Brings out the concept of metaphysical imagination and its relation to aesthetic experience of nature Metaphysical imagination essentially relates to ho w we interpret a scene in nature in relation to the whole world experience .It fuses present experience from landscapes and sensory components, but not mediation that a landscape arouses. Nature presents itself more for sustainability than for enjoyment. Hepburn argues that we should experience nature as it is rather than how we want to perceive it. According to him we respond to features to which nature presents. The author differentiates between human attitudes and appreciation towards art and towards appreciation of the aesthetic value of nature. Artists have a tendency of including technological advancements to their work, even the ones that deal with nature and we appreciate it. However when we interfere with nature using technology we tend to appreciate it less, compared to if less invasion of technology. He therefore argues that the way we appreciate nature is the way we should appreciate the beauty of art. 2) The author argues that philosophers sometimes undervalue metaphysi cal imagination. This he argues happens because of several reasons, one of them being the fact that they want to maintain how they engage aesthetically with nature free from expenses which lack rational support for example religious experiences, which cannot be determined and whose description fails on distinct reference. Philosophers who undervalue metaphysical imagination do not want metaphysics to be used in experiencing metaphysics. The other reason why metaphysical imagination can be undervalued is because the experiences derived from landscapes can only be eluded by the person who experienced them. He encourages recognition of the endless variety of aesthetic experiences for example if pantheists or atheist view is replaced by metaphysics view, then metaphysical ideologies such as materialism will increase. On the other hand scientific evidence should not surplus all other aesthetic appreciation of nature. Science cannot oust metaphysics. This is despite the fact that metaphys ics mainly works on speculative and incomplete evidence. Science on the other hand works with evidence; hence it ends up looking at the world selectively and therefore ends up eliminating human concerns, which form part of nature. Human perspective in appreciating of aesthetic component of nature cannot be downplayed. Science or any other method alone cannot be used to value metaphysical imagination. 3) On the other hand we tend to over value or exaggerate metaphysical

Autobiographical Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Autobiographical Narrative - Essay Example Being the class president, I did not want any of my classmates to know this. Soon the D-day reached, and off we were to the bus on our way for our class party. There was an aura of excitement, and the skies were clear as if to assure us of the fun we were going to have. The journey to the Miami Beach was fun and noisy classmates could be heard from the back of the bus, talking excitedly of how they could not wait to take a dip into the ocean. I thought about all these things and deep inside me I knew there was a huge task ahead of me. The engine roared mightily and their voices were subdued. I was sited near the driver’s seat and I could see my teacher looking at me. He suddenly as if he remembered something, asked,†By the way you are the class president, and I expect you not to let me down. I need to see everybody having fun and at the same time, well behaved, â€Å"I nodded in the affirmative and told him everything would be in control. After this there was silence in the bus and as I glanced over my shoulder, minutes later, I realized that everybody was asleep. I adjusted my seat belt, made myself comfortable and within two or three minutes I was in slumber land. â€Å"Miami here we come! Miami here we come! Miami here we come!†I was suddenly awakened by the voices of my classmates as they chanted we had arrived at our destination. I looked out of the window just to see the huge orange ball taking its dip for the day on the clear sky of Miami Beach. It was a sight to behold and I thought for the umpteenth time how I would one day own a beach house and all this would be mine to enjoy, for as long as I lived. After checking in our hotel rooms and freshening up we were all ready for our supper. We all gathered in the beautifully furnished dining room, and as we savored the sumptuous meal, you could read satisfaction on the faces of everyone. Their faces radiated joy and without being told, it was clear that

KEPAK STRATEGY Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

KEPAK STRATEGY - Literature review Example                     Ã‚         Introduction Kepak was founded in the mid-1960s by Noel Keating as a retail butcher’s business supplying wholesale beef to the food service sector and into other markets. Kepak had a turnover of Є750 million in 2010 and had 1700 employees. The company processes 300 000 cattle and 1.5 million lambs each year. It operates through nine manufacturing facilities in Ireland and UK. The company’s principal activity is animal slaughter and the sale of meat in cut and processed formats through Kepak Meat Division. The firm has substantial business interests in convenience foods operated through Kepak Convenience Foods and an agricultural commodities trading business, Agra Trading. This paper explores Kepak’s business strategy in response to industry challenges and opportunities (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Examination of Kepak’s business environment The most popular tool in strategic management for analysing the business environment of a company is PESTEL. In the case of Kepak, the economic environment was affecting business negatively as the industry lacked predictability in financial performance. This according to the company CEO from 2010, John Horgan, made it difficult for Irish beef processors to plan for growth. In addition, Kepak was not a listed company thus limiting its access to capital to borrowing or trading profits in a very capital intensive business (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Supply chain consists of producers who sell cattle to processors who market the product internationally. Most of the cattle are grass fed and takes up to 30 months to mature compared to cereal fed beef which can finish in 12-15 months. The presence of agents hampers innovation in the supply chain as their role is historical and; therefore, they added little value (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). Political and legislative factors are seen to influence the firms busi ness where the EU-wide introduction of decoupled Single Payment Schemes moved subsidy payments from actual production of commodities to other objectives contributing to a reduction in beef production. These factors negatively affected the firms business as there was an increase in live beef exports after 2008 as it was more profitable to export live-calf than to mature, slaughter and process them in Ireland. Change in the economic environment caused an increase investment by farmers in dairy products leading to a reduction in beef production as well as a concern among processors that this would lower the quality of beef products (Bell, Mcloughlin and Shelman, 2011, P.3). With respect to porter five forces, there were three major players in the beef processing industry and who accounted for 60-65% of the capacity and output. The perception was that these competitors would rather suffer lower margins than take compromises and retailers used this weakness to play processors against eac h other. Therefore, there was a negative effect of competitor rivalry in the beef business and, which affected the firm’s bottom line. According to literature by Porter, rivalry limits profitability in an industry as it transfers profitability directly to customers through price cuts and in this case customers try to achieve the same by playing firms against each other. Britain is Ireland’s major market for beef exports and shares similarities in both markets in beef tastes, systems of

Management of the Cash Position Essay Example for Free

Management of the Cash Position Essay Not only do these managers often have difficulty in comprehending sophisticated forecasting techniques, but the cash flows of their companies are usually dependent upon fewer customers and a smaller number of product lines than those of their larger competitors. Thus the cash flow pattern of the small firm is typically too unstable over time and the available data describing it too limited for reliable forecasting. The small business is subject to still other constraints, apart from those applicable to all firms, which tend to restrict the use of even relatively simple cash management techniques. Small firms, for example, are normally unable to afford the division of talent available to larger companies in the form of highly educated financial managers. Many small firms, struggling hard just to remain solvent and earn a fair return, suffer further from lack of recognition that a cash management problem even exists. Once a problem is discovered the manager may lack knowledge of the methods available for a viable solution. A solution which requires more manpower or expenditures than can be covered out of normal cash flow is Dr. Grablowsky is assistant professor and rhairman of the Department of Finance at Oid Dominion University. He has published articles in the JSBM, the Journal of Financial Education, and the Journal of Behavioral Economics. Prior to his entry into education. Dr. Grablowsky was with the Department of Cost, Planning, Systems, and Analysis at the Monsanto Co., World Head, quarters, St. Louis.  typically rejected by the small business. This article will present the results of a survey of small-business cashmanagement practices and compare these methods with techniques commonly employed by larger corporations. Small businesses are defined in this study as firms with annual sales under $5 million. Data for this study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire distributed to two hundred firms selected randomly, within the various business classifications, from classified advertisements appearing in the telephone directories of the Greater Norfolk-Portsmouth SMSA and the  Hampton-Newport News SMSA. The firms were selected in five different distribution levels, with annual sales varying from under $50,000 up to $5 million. The firms in the survey operated at from one to thirteen locations and employed up to three hundred persons, although more than half had fewer than ten employees. Of the two hundred businesses selected for study, 66, or 30 percent, responded. A breakdown of the respondent firms by industry and size is given in Table 1. The Cash Budget It was hypothesized that few of the firms with sales under a million dollars would prepare cash budgets; in fact, only 30 percent of all firms in the sample did so. Several interesting relationships were noted in this regard. One was that the newer firms 1 For an example of this situation see B. J. Grablowsky, Management of Accounts Receivable by Small Businesses, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, October, 1976, pp. 26-27. 5 According to E. Donaldson, J. Pfahl, and P. MuUins, Corporate Finance (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1975), pp. 22-23, this would include, based on average sales per company, over 86 percent of all firms in the U,S. budgets, the larger ones updated their budgets more frequently than the others. One of the reasons for the more frequent update was that none of the largest firms made more than a thirtyday cash forecast while the smaller ones normally made budgets for up to a year. This last finding is in agreement with the results of other studies showing that few firms with  sales under $3 million make sales forecasts, whereas virtually all firms with sales over $10 million prepare one or more projections for various planning periods. As the firm grows, cash budgeting becomes more essential. Of the firms that prepared cash budgets, an annual planning period was the most common, although some also used weekly, monthly and quarterly budgets. No company made a cash budget for more than one year. The frequency of updating the budgets was well distributed over weekly, semimonthly, monthly, quarterly, and annual intervals. Another question asked whether or not the firms cash balances were being handled in the most effective and efficient manner. Of the 67 firms sampled, forty-eight replied that they felt they were efficiently utilizing their cash balances, but, of these, only eleven regularly prepared cash budgets. The assumption by the 37 firms that did not prepare cash budgets that they were efficient in the use of their cash balances is certainly made in ignorance. Conversely, of the remaining 56 firms that did not preoare cash budgets twenty-three replied, and probably rightly so, that they were not using their cash balances in the most 3 See Orgler. Cash Management, pp. 4-13, for a discusFion of factors affecting the time horizon for cash budgets. Aso see: Keith Smith. Management of Working Capital (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1974), pp. 35-49, for a survey of the practices of large businesses. Soldofsky and Olive, Financial Management, p. 559. were more likely to prepare budgets than t heir longer-established competitors. A possible explanation lies in the higher educational attainments of the owner-managers of the newer firms. This characteristic, together with the attitudes of the owners toward budgeting, is believed to be a major determinant of the efficiency with which financial planning is handled in the small firm. The d^ta also showed that, somewhat contrary to expectations, in the size categories which included the largest and the smallest firms (i.e., those with less than $50,000 and those with between $1  million and $5 million in sales) a smaller percentage prepared cash budgets than in the other groups. This result was expected for the smallest firms but quite unexpected for large ones. On the other hand, of the firms that prepared cash  effective manner. This realization alone should have provided impetus to the managements concerned to investigate the need and advantages for cash budgeting—yet they still failed to prepare the budgets which could have improved their cash flow performance. The managers of these firms recognized that they had a problem—the need for more efficient cash management—yet they failed to take the proper steps to solve it. These same firms tended to take fewer of their allowed trade discounts than others, suggesting that because they did not forecast cash flows they found it necessary to resort to expensive sources of financing such as foregoing discounts. Cash Collection  actions that they could take themselves. Although only about half of the respondents had even heard of lock boxes or concentration banking, more than one-third did use one or both of these methods for reducing float time. Generally, the respondents reasoned that they could not justify expending the time and money required to reduce float, because such action would not (in their opinion) materially improve the cash position or the profits of the firm. As with many other decisions confronting small businesses, this one was usually made with inadequate information or investigation. The principal reason, again, was the lack of human resources and expertise available to the small firm. Wholesalers, because of the regional or national nature of their sales, were the most frequent users of these techniques. Businesses with a local sales orientation, such as service establishments and retail stores, were much less likely to use any method to improve cash collections.

Barriers to Accessing Reproductive Healthcare

Barriers to Accessing Reproductive Healthcare Hina Mirza As a part of Reproductive Health Course year III BScN, for community clinical we went to karimabad colony to assess family needs related to health. There I visit one family that I choose as my secondary client. After assessing different dimension of health when it comes to Reproductive health assessment, I took initiative by asking about normal menstrual cycle of the mother and her daughter as both were alone in the room. The mother told me that she has reached to menopause and the girl who is 22 year old was having normal Menstrual cycle. Further I proceed to another concern that has been came into noticed is leucorrhea; Studies shows that the prevalence of leucorrhea in Pakistan is very high which is 12%. (Chris Kenyon, 2013). The girl nod the head into yes while responding to me but her facial expression seems to be anxious towards me. I tried to dig on to this query which I had in mind that whether the girl has any concern related to reproductive issue which she thinks needs to t reated. After completing my question I made an efforts to ask more questions but it seems difficult for me when it comes to reproductive health because I was not confident and familiar with the vocabulary that is used in reproductive health and on the other hand it was my first interaction with that family so I don’t want to invade their privacy or make them feel uncomfortable. As soon as I finished my part the mother stated that â€Å"Yes, she complaint sometimes about discharge that is irritating and smelly and in addition to it some burning sensation in perineal area, might be she is having infection†. Afterwards I wanted to ask to the girl about characteristics of discharge and sexual behaviors that lead to infection as stated by her mother but suddenly, her Father came into the room and I stopped myself from asking more about it because I feel that it will bother her to talk about it in front of her father as well as I lost my confidence level in this particular c omponent of health, in terms of privacy. Moreover, she also felt uncomfortable and tried to change the topic. When I reflect back the situation, I feel I should not discontinue the topic because the girl might have some serious issue related to the discharge and there might be some reproductive health concerns that were in her mind. That is why when I asked her about the discharge, she respond to it so anxiously and promptly and it seems like that she wanted to share something with me. When I analyze at my part, that why this incident happened to me was firstly, due to lack of confidence in dealing with reproductive concerns of the client. According to Literature, â€Å"More general predisposition, such as comfort and confidence, that might influences nurses openness to dealing with patient sexuality† (Cort et al., 2001) Secondly, my own sociocultural barriers that how should I invade someone else privacy and also client’s perception that they might have while discussing such stuff. This made me overprotective for the conversation supported by the literature that â€Å"The first line of inquiry culminates in the classification of nurses as liberal or conservative in their views about specific sex-related behaviors† moreover according to literature, Reproductive health is not openly discussed in many cultures of the world and that is why client hesitate to raise questions and concern related to these issues with their health care provider (Tsai. Y, 2004). Thirdly, the communication problem contributes major part to this incident, it seems difficult for me to decide what best vocabulary and way of communication enable health care provider to make client understand about the main focus of the discussion evident by literature that â€Å"Communication about health and sexuality often differs by ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and sexual o ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­rientation. Communication patterns can form serious obstacles to care†( Moss.T, 2004) Lastly, if I look at the surrounding one more barrier in discussion was privacy factor because of her father came into the room and that made me hold back the discussion. Few of the things that I could have done so that I can help out the patient at that time related to their reproductive health issues by maintaining my confidence level by increasing competency in reproductive health nursing before visiting the client. According to the article, Nurses’ state that they do not initiate to assess reproductive health of client due to insufficient knowledge regarding problem that patient might raise during conversation (Magnan.M et al., 2005). In addition to it I could have kept my sociocultural barriers aside and making client needs as priority because reproductive concerns are majorly remain unaddressed and it has been observed that client wait and expect health care provider to initiate these topics. â€Å"Although patient have said that discussion with nurses is appropriate and that they would prefer having nurses initiate the discussion† (Magnan.M et al., 2005). Last but not the least if her father came into the room I could have been st op for a while but after seeing appropriate time I should have made the first move to ask her about her reproductive concern or if still she is uncomfortable I could tell her to talk to me in privacy, may be in other room or as she prefer. As evident by literature â€Å"Lack of confidentiality is often a barrier to the delivery of health care services, especially reproductive health care, for adolescents† (Committee on Adolescent Health Care, 2010) To conclude if this kind of scenario ever happens again the experience will facilitate me to boost up my confident by making me realize my mistake of neglecting one patient’s health. Besides this by gaining more competencies in vocabulary, knowledge and communication pattern in reproductive health will help me to address the client needs and initiate the concerns in which client face difficulty to elaborate. References Kenyon, C., Colebunders, R., Crucitti, T. (2013). The global epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. American Journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 209(6), 505-523. Tsai, Y. (2004). Nurses’ facilitators and barriers for taking a sexual history in  Taiwan. Applied Nursing Research, 17(4), 257-264. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2004.09.011 M,T. (2004). Barriers to Health Care for Youth of Color. Retrieved from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/705- barriers-to-health-care-for-youth-of-color Committee Opinion(460). (2010). Retrieved from The American College of obstetricians and Gynecologists womens health care physicians website: http://www.acog.org/~/media/Committee Opinions/Committee on Adolescent Health Care/co598.pdf?dmc=1ts=20140501T1128433150 Magnan,M.A., Reynolds,K.E., Galvin,E.A. (2005). Barriers to Addressing Patient Sexuality in Nursing Practice.MEDSURG NURSING,14(5). Retrieved from http://www.kc-courses.com/fundamentals/week15diversitygrief/barriers.pdf

The Road Ahead By Bill Gates Essay -- essays research papers

In his book The Road Ahead, Bill Gates relates to a non-technical audience the history, growth, and future of technology. He discusses how the trends, technologies, and issues of the Information Age are affecting society. Gates makes predictions and gives advice on how to adapt and succeed in the future of incredible change in computing and communicating. His book is written with two major concerns: the development and future of technology, and its influence on society. Bill Gates begins by explaining how computers will be interconnected globally in what will be called the information superhighway. Of course the precursor to this network is the currently used Internet. The development and use of this interactive network is the main focus of the book. Gates uses the metaphor of the 'ultimate market'; to describe how all manner of human activity will take place in this market, with the medium of exchange being digital information of all kinds. Bill Gates states that the ability to change and manipulate information and the increasing speed at which is it handled places us at the beginning of an 'information revolution.'; Since almost all information in the future will be digital, conventional communication devices will be altered. As soon as the cost of communication drops and it is combined with other technological advances, Bill Gates predicts that the results of this interactive information will be like the effects of electricity. He also predicts t hat the house of the future will have one wire running into and out of it that will carry television, phone, or news information that will be sent to the appropriate device.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book Gates attempts to tell the history of the computer industry, but instead he tells about the development of Microsoft and his achievements while debasing his competitors. He recounts the history with a degree of arrogance and criticizes IBM for the mistakes it made, for example not buying thirty percent of Microsoft when given the opportunity, and for wasting time and money on the OS/2 and OfficeVision projects. Bill Gates speaks on Microsoft's success and, in a way, reaffirms customers that Microsoft will not raise its prices or stop innovation. The future success, he says, depends on innovation and improvement to stay ahead of competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He dedicates a chapter to ap... ...gy, investment in education, regulation, and the balance between individual privacy and community security. The question of responsibility arises and some have suggested that communication companies should be made gatekeepers in charge of the filtering the content of what they carry. A rating system, like the one used for movies, could be implemented and parents could then restrict what rated sites their children visit through their web browser. Bill Gates refrains from using technical vernacular and explains all computer terminology as he discusses it, making it clear and easy for normal people to understand him. He is convinced that this new technology will 'enhance leisure time and enrich our culture by expanding the distribution of information.'; This, however, oversimplifies most issues and results in a dull, repetitive book for most experienced computer users. He succeeds in explaining his vision of the future and why he has chosen to switch Microsoft's focus to the Internet. Bill Gates optimistically looks ahead at the emerging tools of technology that will forever transform the way we buy, work, learn, socialize, and communicate and encourages us to help shape the future.

Images of Women in Sport: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Essay example

Images of Women in Sport: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Throughout history, men have placed limitations on women's activities, including sport. Women have gone through times where physical exertion was considered too stressing for women, physiologically and emotionally, as well as everything short of encouragement. The image of the pre-sport woman, twirling her umbrella while being drawn by horse and carriage attired in full petticoat, etc., is a sight that shows how far women have come, but how much more still has to be done to achieve equality. I view the image of women prior to sport as 'ugly' because not only was their right to partake in sports suppressed, but also their rights as women and as citizens. This image of women, however still persists until modern day. Albeit not to the same degree, but women's opportunities in sport are still less than the male counterpart, as well as the restrictions that this male society still imposes on women's sports, especially through the media. Through poor media coverage of women's sports by mal e-run organizations, the advancement of the sport has suffered tremendously. The television industry poorly advertises women's sporting events, such as basketball, and never shows them in primetime. The US women's soccer association was even dismantled due to lack of support. With publications, the only time women are featured are as either inactive or sex symbols, when editors could be using these media outlets to promote women in sport instead of degrading and downplaying them. Women's sports will never become mainstream without social change. The 'bad' image of women in sport would most definitely have to be the objectified woman whose talent in her sport is overlooked because of her... ... skills in the game. Because of society's prejudices, preconceived notions, and general attitude towards women, this ideal woman athlete is not yet achievable in a society dominated by men. In a society with so many prejudices, men don't want women to be as strong as or stronger than them. The image of women in sport that is 'good' to society is cyclic, since it depends on the state of the culture. Currently, with pop-stars and thinner than ever supermodels, society is definitely in a state of objectification. to the men of this society, who promote such mishaps as Janet Jackson's accident on stage during the Superbowl halftime show, women shouldn't be more than cheerleaders or non-sport related entertainment at major sporting events. Until men realize that women are their equals on all levels, the image of women in sport will never reach its 'good' and ideal image.

Evaluating Three Cell Phone Websites :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Evaluating Three Cell Phone Websites Today, almost all people use cell phones. After buying a cell phone, people will choose which plan they will use. Now, there are many cell phone service companies in the US, so the cell phone users have to be careful when they choose the plans. Many cell phone service companies provide websites in order to give information to the cell phone users. The ease of use of the website, the information that it gives, the design and the organization of the website are the factors that will influence cell phone users in choosing their plan. In this paper, I will compare three different websites that contain information about cell phone plans. I chose T-mobile, Verizon and Sprint for comparisons. I chose T-Mobile because I am currently using T-mobile as my cell phone plan. I selected Verizon and Sprint because they are the leading competitors of T-mobile. The first website is T-Mobile. The T-Mobile website is owned by T-Mobile Company. This website is made to help their old customers to control their accounts and to get new information about T-Mobile. It is also made for the new customers, so that they can get information about T-mobile. Then, they can compare T-Mobile plans with other companies. The T-Mobile website is very simple and easy to read. It provides two choices, personal and business customers. For the personal choice, there are two options, individual and families, friends and couples. For the business choice, customers can learn and shop their products and services. These will make customers easier to use this website according to their needs. It is also completed with facility for the existing customers to log in into their accounts, so that the customers may check their accounts anytime. The T-Mobile website contains more information about coverage area and switching plan. The customers also can check the status of their order when they buy the product from T-Mobile. T-Mobile website offers opportunity for the users to find career in T-Mobile. It is such an advantage for the T-Mobile users. Besides those mentioned, this website provides information for the job seekers and the developers. This website also gives information about where the customers can find their store and how they can reach and contact them. Besides that, it also contains T-Mobile company information, so customers can know more about their company. This website is not only for United States users, but also for international users because it provides some sites for other countries like Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia and United Kingdom.

Culture Jamming Essay

Culture jamming is an example of a postmodern movement which generally aspires for change in culture but not on the legislation. This movement rather aims for recognition rather than redistribution such as the feminist and Black groups. Culture jamming is rather a postmodern politics of the youth activists who are motivated for anti-globalization movement which has become a part of youth-oriented forms of political movement. Culture jamming tries to change the outlook of the people toward culture by examining the current culture and introducing new ideas (McKee 2005). The term â€Å"culture jamming† was coined by the Negativland, a San Francisco band, in 1984. This is also known as a ‘guerilla art’ or ‘citizens’ art’ which combines high-tech and low-tech interactive media (Hartley, Montogmery, Rennie, and Brennan 2002: 54). Writer Mart Dery transformed culture jamming into a manifesto in his book Culture Jam listing down his seven insights about America ten years before the 21st century: (1) America is not a country but a multitrillion-dollar brand, (2) the culture in America is not created by its people, (3) a free and authentic life in America is no longer possible, (4) people have been branded, (5) Huxleyan â€Å"soma† is everywhere in the mass media, (6) American cool has become a pandemic, and (7) ‘cool-hunting American-style consumer’ is now no longer supported (Gray 2005: 125). Playing with the corporate firms began such the Nike’s advertising campaign, for example, was jammed when its slogan â€Å"Just Do It† was attempted to change to â€Å"Just Stop It†; the logo of Apple was transformed into as skull while Shell’s name to $hell emphasizing the word ‘hell’. The Internet also has been used for the purposes of culture jamming when Internet hackers redirect users from the US, Canada, Australia, Japan, and Europe to subversive sites and join in ‘Buy Nothing Day’ to highlight overconsumption in their countries compared to the third world. In Times Square, New York, Adbuster posted an image of American flag which appeared to be conventional stripes and stars but in closer look the stars were actually logos of IBM, Nike, Windows, Playboy, McDonalds, and other corporate firms to highlight that America is ruled by corporations. According from the founder of the Adbusters, Kalle Lasn, professors in communication tell their students the problems with the mass media however they do not discuss solutions how to solve those problems (Hartley et al. 2002). Culture jamming is sometimes called ‘adbusting’ or ‘subvertising’ which uses tactics from almost all media such as video, digital photography, billboards, movies, songs, and radio in suing corporate intellectual property without permission or illegal. This subversive movement is participated by artists, activists, writers, pranksters, students, educators, and entrepreneurs who challenge corporate intellectual property. Kalle Lasn has been using war metaphors such as ‘revolution’ and ‘guerilla warfare’ against the commercial advertisements and messages that influence the people’s mental landscape. Through the Internet, cultural jammers have been continuously promoting and encouraging the consumers to appropriate the meanings of the capitalists’ advertisements and products that have been alienating consumers on the symbolic environment. Using the new technology of the Internet allows the cultural jammers for opportunities that the old media cannot offer such as appropriating the products of corporate speech and publishing their own interpretations. E-mails, for example, are combined with the Web-based multimedia productions to subvert meanings into a political perspective (Strangelove 2005). The Internet has an incredible power to reach out for people, disseminate information worldwide, and encourage for a worldwide campaign; thus the perfect medium for culture jamming (McKee 2005: 173). Culture jamming is widely applied in movements against the globalization and big business capitalism such as the campaign â€Å"Billionaires for Bush† by Andrew Boyd, a New York publicist. The purpose of the campaign is to attract people to the fact that through massive campaign donations, corporations bought off politicians. Boyd created a funny campaign using bumper stickers, buttons, posters, and a website to change how the American understood the political culture. By changing how people think rather than by engaging with the government through the traditional political methods, significant political changes can be achieved. This postmodern movement is certainly a political act and has been part of the youth politics such that by speaking in behalf of the other people is not just a mere use of words but rather acting for the others and the rest of the world. People’s attitudes are included in different aspects of the society for economic and social orders, civil liberty, economic equity, and law and order (McKee 2005). Youths have been actively participating in culture jamming as a form of political movement that is rather intended for recognition though performance such as theatre and entertainment (McKee 2005). However, culture jamming might be viewed as ‘extreme use-initiation’ particularly by using advertisements to serve other purposes. The early use of culture jamming was traced since the 1960s by the Situationists in Paris when the idea of detournement or using an image, message, or, a thing in another context different from the original. Nowadays, different technologies have been used in modifying advertisements by reproducing copying, and editing the images and colors. There are numerous groups of culture jammers in the world attempting to be heard generally through the Internet (Szmigin 2003). Through culture jamming movement, questions about the appropriateness and participants of cultural representations are raised. People are given the opportunity to think for what is appropriate and not in living a meaningful life (Danesi 2007). Culture jamming is brings out the concealed aspects of politics and the hidden messages underneath the advertising euphemisms revealing that the boundary between the resistance and compliance is insecure and contradictory. Expressing resistance through billboards and slogans serve both purposes of reinforcing and challenging corporate styles (Amoore 2005). Bibliography Amoore, L. (2005) The Global Resistance Reader. Routledge. Danesi, M. (2007) Why It Sell’ decoding the Meanings of Brand Names, Logos, Ads, and Other Advertising and Advertising Ploys. Rowman and Littlefield. Gray, C. H. (2005) Peace, War, and Computers. Routledge. Hartley, J. , Montgomery, M. , Rennie, E. & Brennan, M. (2002) Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts. Routledge. Mckee, A. (2005) The Public Sphere: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. Stranglove, M. (2005) The Empire Mind: Digital Piracy and the Anti-capitalist Movement. University of Toronto Press. Szmigin, I. (2003) Understanding the Consumer: being and Buying in the New Century. SAGE.

Organizational Behavior and Communication Essay

Organizational Behavior and Communication is found in every company, organizations, and groups. Organizational behavior and communications are discussed by using Starbucks Coffee Company. The discussion will cover company’s values and mission statement. The mission statement contains the philosophy, vision, and values. Also, some background of the company will be given. There will a discussion on the communication and on what extent this is determine by the Starbucks Coffee Company Culture. Background Starbucks was start in the 1970 in the state of Washington. The name Starbucks was inspire by the novel Moby Dick. In 1987 purchased by a man name Howard Schultz. At the time of the purchase Starbucks had stores only the Pacific Northwest. After the purchase Starbucks was selling coffee in other countries such Europe. In the first vision of Schultz was to fine coffees. Organizational Culture The organizational culture of Starbucks is based on diversity. The formula that they use is Diversity=Inclusion+Equity+Accessibility. The definition is â€Å"Inclusion: human connection & engagement, Equity: fairness & justice, and Accessibility: ease of use & barrier free† (www.starbucks.com, 2013). The company has divided the organizational culture (diversity) in the following parts: 1. Partner/employees: Starbucks wants partners as different as the cities they work in. The proper word could be diverse 2. Customers: Starbuck want their customers to have an extremely nice experience. In order to achieve this Starbucks by giving the customer their preferences. 3. Communities: Starbucks does make investment in local communities as well as worldwide. Starbucks by giving economic opportunities in ways of jobs and other forms of help. 4. Suppliers: Starbucks work with many minority groups of suppliers. Also suppliers that are women. Starbucks support many organizations. Examples of these are Community Service, Youth Groups, and Create Jobs for USA, Also the American Red Cross. The espoused values of Starbucks do agree with the enacted values. Example of this is on July 3, 2012 it was announced that Starbucks will have two openings in Latin America. â€Å"Starbucks Coffee Company reaffirmed its commitment to Latin America with two major openings- its first in Costa Rica, and its firs Farmer Support Center in South America located in Colombia† (China weekly news, 2012). Latin America provides large amount of the coffee that Starbucks us. Another example is that in 2010 Starbucks refuse to raise the prices of the coffee. Most companies raise their prices due the raise of the coffee prices. Starbucks decide not raise the prices for awhile but monitor the prices. The organizational communication of Starbucks is 100% determined by the organizational culture. The communications channels are very clear and easy to use. Starbucks have communication channels that employees can use. These channels are telephone calls, online reporting, e-mail, and written reports. The communication channels for the customers are the Starbucks website. The customer could find the mission statement or locate a store. Also, if a person wants to apply for a job they can do it on the website. Role of Communication â€Å"Starbucks uses a model of communication used generally by smaller group networks, all channel communication† (yahoo.com 2008) The communication plays an extremely important role in the organizational culture of Starbucks. The organizational communication is open to the customer. The customers can talk with an employee then the employees report to the supervisors or department heads. The communication channels are always updated by Starbucks. â€Å"Partners are encouraged to report all types of issues or concerns to the program through their choice of the offered communication channels.† (www.starbucks.com, 2013) Another form of communication is the Standards of Business Conduct booklet. This helps the employees make excellent decision and also how to act with the customers. The communication has no misalignment with the espoused values or enacted values. The organization gives many communication channels for the employees. Another reason is that the company from time to time sees what needs to be change so that the organization can run smoothly. Conflict in group communication Whenever a company or an organization has a group that works together there will be a communication conflict. A solution to any conflict needs to be found before the conflict can come out. While researching Starbucks there was no conflict mention. Starbucks does have a clear image. Starbucks does show press releases on the decision that are being made As for the employees are concern Starbucks does provide communication channels to report any issues. The issue that refers to any communication conflicts in the group communications. On the same website the organization will post any communication about the company. The organization can use the conflict to put an additional person in the group to deal with the conflict and find ways to keep the conflict out of the group. Additional Information Starbucks supports the Earth watch Institute, Save the Children, Mercy Corps, and Plant Green. These are just a few of the organizations that Starbuck is working with. When the employees are making a decision they have standards to rely on. These standards are Standard of Business Conduct. Starbucks has these standards printed in the following languages English, Chinese, French, German, Brazilian Portuguese, Latin American Spanish, and Thai. Conclusion Starbucks is an organization that puts customers and employees first. They have high levels of values, vision, mission, and philosophy. Starbucks do indeed help the communities that have their location. In the pass Starbucks kept their coffee prices down when the prices of the coffee bean were going up. Then Starbucks is opening up business in Latin American and Costa Rica. These businesses will be working hand- in- hand with the local farmers. In addition Starbucks has used the coffee is from the Latin American and Costa Rica. The communication channels are aligning with the mission, philosophy, vision, and values statement. Also Starbucks provide the customers communication channels to report any wrong doing. Starbucks makes extremely high efforts to have a strong company. References About Us. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com Food Weekly News, 145. (2010).; Starbucks Coffee Company; Starbucks Responds to Surging Green Coffee Prices. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/75581576?accountid=35812 Our Mission Statement. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com Seazone, S. (July 18, 2008). Successful Application of Organizational Behavior: Starbucks. Retrieved from http://www.voices.yahoo.com Starbucks Coffee Company. (2013). Business Ethics and Compliance. Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com Starbucks Coffee Company; Starbucks Broadens Presence in Latin America. (2012). China Weekly News, 192. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022321948?accountid=35812

Problem Young Adult Faced in Education Today

Problem young adults face in education today. Education is essential for everyone. It is the level of education that helps people earn respect and recognition. In my opinion, education is undeniable important for every single person. It goes without saying that education has a positive effect on human life. All people need to study. Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. For young adults, it is definitely necessary for them to continue their tertiary education either in private colleges or universities after completed secondary education.However, there are quite a number of problems that young adults face in education today, particularly in the aspect of financial situation, pressures of studying and peer pressures. Undoubtedly, financial condition turns out to be a major problem for young adults who wish to pursue their tertiary education in private colleges or universities nowadays. The expenses in such private colleges or universities are usually quite big in number because those expenses include tuition fees, resource fees, examination fees and so on.For some young adults, they come from weaker sections of the society and the financial situation of their house is not good enough. If a young adult is not financially equipped, it may obstruct his or her study. Furthermore, some young adults who are already studying in colleges or universities might also need to do a part time job for their own pocket money. In such situation, they have to divide their time properly so that they can balance up their work and studies. Otherwise, they may not be able to concentrate in their study and fail in some particular subjects.In short, financial condition is one of the problems young adults face in education nowadays. Besides, study curriculum has become more extensive and complex than ever before. Consequently, pressures of studying for young adults keep increasing from day to day. They also have to always bear in mind that their parents are paying for their education and there is no reason for them to fail or obtain bad results in any subjects. Thinking of that, young adults will try to do their very best and start giving themselves pressures because they are afraid of letting their parents and family down.Coursework and assignment distributed by lecturers might burdened them too if they do not know how to organize their work and time. In order to obtain results, young adults have to work very hard in every coursework and exam. To be frank, pressures are undeniable in studies but sometimes these pressures seem to be too heavy for some young adults who do not know how to manage their studies well. Moreover, peer pressure is also one of the problems faced by young adults in education. One of the peer pressures is the competition of results among friends.They are usually afraid of failing. Those who are studying know very well that the time of exams is very stressful and difficult. Some even find exam so bad that they become ill. From the other view, peer influence is also significant. For example, some of the young adults’ friends might develop an addiction for drugs, drinks and smoke. Those friends might affect the others to try them. If the others do not want to try them, they might get boycott. Young adults’ curiosity and being afraid of getting boycotted from the peers will cause them to try those unhealthy things.These example shows that young adults also face the problem of peer pressures in education today. In a nutshell, education is absolutely beneficial for society on the whole. It is life-long processes to each person that need to be reinforced throughout life. Despite of those problems faced in education, young adults should figure out solutions to solve every problem they faced so that they could be stronger to face the challenges in the future. They should always benefit their time with beneficial activities so that they can be well prepare d for their future.

The Secret Life of Frogs (Poetry by Gwen Harwood)

‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ is a poem that delves into the childhood perception of war, in particular World War I, and the experiences of their fathers. ‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ deals with the idea of misunderstandings incurred when children attempt to understand adult concepts. This is evident through the use of punning. The term ‘Frog’, which is frequently used throughout the poem adds amusement to the text because to the readers, it not only translates literally to a frog, but also represents the rival French people in the war through a negative light. However, the narrator, who is also one of the children in the poem, does not understand this other meaning attached to the term ‘frog’. This can clearly be seen in the final sentence when the narrator believes in protecting the amphibians, but does not distinguish the term ‘Frogs’ to also represent the French people. The use of allusion, reference to World War I in the poem, emphasizes the idea that children in their innocence, particularly children during the war, can misinterpret what adults talk about. Evident in the line ‘some syllables we used as charms†¦Gallipoli’, where the children have heard of these words and the negative connotations attached, however they do not know of the magnitude of the events that are associated with the words. Throughout ‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ themes that are expressed include childhood innocence and the negative influence of war on children. The theme of the innocence of children is clearly conveyed through the use of the parenthesis, ‘(we thought a brothel was a French hotel that served hot broth to diggers)’. This technique is used to enclose a thought that the children had in their childhood, and helps to further emphasize the idea that they misunderstood the adult concept of brothels. The parenthesis also helps to change the tone of the poem as it cuts the seriousness of the stanza through their misinterpretation of the word brothel. This highlights the idea that the children did not understand the insinuations of the word. The notion that the war had a negative impact on children is discussed throughout stanza 3. The use of the metaphor ‘Dad the Impaler’, accentuates the idea that children saw this term in a very positive manner when in actual fact it has negative connotations. This highlights the brutality of war, and the negative influence of war on children because the children in the poem used ‘Dad the Impaler’ in a heroic manner. The use of simile in the last stanza ‘matchstick hands as pale as the violet stems they lived among’ is used to compare a frog to violet flowers, which are very delicate and easily broken. The innocence of childhood is painted through this visual technique as the narrator only sees the frogs being very delicate, but to the readers the simile also creates a vivid image of the condition of the ‘Frogs’/ the French. The use of first person helps to create a reminiscent tone about the narrator’s experiences, and further helps to stress the ideas of childhood innocence and the influence of war on children because the poem is written from a child’s perspective. The use of enjambment generates a conversational and personal tone, emphasizing to the readers the reality of the themes discussed throughout the poem. The use of symbolism of frogs as pets and also representing the French highlights the idea that adults saw ‘Frogs’ as insignificant or unworthy to speak about, whereas the children could not understand this adult thought, and they placed exemplary regard to the wellbeing of the frogs.

FMLA this is a Human Resoures class Research Paper

FMLA this is a Human Resoures class - Research Paper Example However, if a company is a public agency, including all private and public schools, it must provide FMLA regardless of the number of employees. The FMLA allows eligible employees to take off up to 12 work weeks in any 12 month period to take care of a new child in the family whether by birth, adoption or by placement in foster care; to care for an immediate family member (spouse, child, or parent) with a serious health condition; or if the employee himself is unable to work because of a serious health condition (USDOL,n.d.). An employee can be eligible to FMLA if he is unable to perform his essential job function. The FMLA regulations guarantees time-off but it is up to the employer if he will pay the employee and provide benefits while he takes a leave. The continuous, intermittent and reduced schedules are the three different kinds of FMLA leave. The continuous leave is when an employee is absent for more than three consecutive business days and has been treated by a doctor. The in termittent leave is when an employee takes time off in separate blocks. It can either be in hourly, daily, or weekly increments. This type of leave is usually taken by an employee who undergoes ongoing treatment.

Employee Reward Systems Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Reward Systems Presentation - Essay Example Many reward systems exist in the workplace, and they may reflect the organization of the staff, or the type of work. For instance, at the University of Virginia's Department of Athletics as well as at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, employees can nominate each other for a particular award. In these cases, efficient teamwork and group leadership are assets that contribute to the award. This type of recognition can be particularly surprising and exciting for workers. Nomination-based reward systems can promote a friendly atmosphere, but unfortunately, this system may become more like a popularity contest. In other companies, such as the State of New Mexico Human Services Department, specific criteria must be fulfilled for the award to be given. These companies are organized differently, and particular tasks can qualify a worker to achieve a higher rank in the company. These reward systems are appreciated by employees that prefer to know exactly what they must do to move ahead in the company. In general, straightforward reward systems are more highly regarded by employees because they promote structure in the workplace and a defined sense of purpose. The actual rewards can be many things, from a monetary bonus or gift certificate, to a hand-written note of recognition and approval from a supervisor.

ATM Implementation in a Pharmaceutical Company Essay

ATM Implementation in a Pharmaceutical Company - Essay Example As a consultant to the organization, it is possible to suggest that there are ways to implement ATM in the company in spite of problems.It seems that this particular organization has very little coordination within its functional departments. Currently, they are working at cross-purposes. Fighting for resources will not have a positive effect either in terms of the end-products of the company or on overall employee morale and will impact adversely on the efficient running of the organization as a whole.An organization has an existing structure and culture which is made up of its current norms and values. An organization can exist at a functional, business, corporate and global level. The existing structure may not be suitable for the implementation of advanced technology due to conflicts arising between the old system and the proposed changes. However, such structures can be redesigned and modified to incorporate changes in management vision and strategies can be adopted to keep the company competitive in a changing marketThe organization’s policies may need to be changed to facilitate implementation of new business strategies such as ATM. The new goals need to be clearly identified and an approach formulated to enable them to be achieved. In this specific case, the functional level of the organization needs to be modified.

International Conflict Resolution Research Paper

International Conflict Resolution - Research Paper Example Ethnic conflict threatened the territorial integrity of countries throughout the world including Somalia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Liberia in Africa; Bosnia and Kosovo in Eastern Europe; state-sponsored ethnic cleansing in East Timor in Asia and extreme violence on the North American island nation of Haiti. Although ethnic conflict and humanitarian crises have existed since the dawn of time, for the first time ever images of extreme bloodshed, violence, and even genocide were broadcast into the homes of everyday Americans through international television stations like the Cable News Network (CNN), Fox and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Despite shocking violence perpetrated by a variety of militia forces in the Western African countries of Sierra Leone and Liberia, the international community, by and large, stood still while extreme violence and crimes against humanity were carried out with seeming impunity. While it is evident that conflict has been endemic in the modern post-Cold War world, how has conflict been resolved in recent times? There are a variety of theories to international conflict resolution including peacebuilding, peacekeeping, and Alternative Dispute Resolution. This essay will discuss each theoretical paradigm and will persuasively show that peacebuilding and peacekeeping go hand in hand and that they are the most viable means through which global conflict can be managed and averted. We will explore the case of Sierra Leone and argue that it emphatically demonstrates that international actors must work to maintain the peace in societies which have experienced incredible violence and social collapse and that both peacekeeping and peacebuilding must take place in order to heal old wounds and ensure that conflict does not reemerge. Alternative Dispute Resolution is a third-party resolution process whereby mediation is undertaken by an external party to help resolve the c onflict.  

Conduct a critical examination and discussion of the Assignment

Conduct a critical examination and discussion of the Marketing-Entrepreneurship interface and the proposed use of Entrepreneurial Marketing within small firms - Assignment Example These challenges include constraints such as financial, marketing, management, customer services and so on. Furthermore, Day and Reynolds, (2011) makes recommendations that in order to increase the survival rate of new and other small business, these businesses shall give considerable attention to the Entrepreneurial Marketing. Entrepreneurial Marketing as a system has evolved to reduce the gap between the resources and capabilities required for employing traditional marketing tactics and the constraint resources of the new venture (Collinson & Shaw, 2001). According to Morris et al. (2002) Entrepreneurial Marketing is a system through which the new business ventures attempts to exploit the opportunities proactively, that enables the business to serve the new customers and retaining profitable ones with ideas that have not been presented yet to the market. This proactive system of value creation also allows the small ventures for risk management by effectively and efficiently managing limited resources accordingly. Therefore, with the EM the entrepreneurs do not only rely on basic marketing of four Ps but also at the same time give consideration to the innovative ideas that rejuvenate the concept to the target customers. In addition to this, it also implies that small business shall have considered all per spective that reduces the risk of doing business (Hills, Hultman, & Miles, 2008). For example, Dindin Kitchen is among the recently opened restaurants in London. The food industry in London is highly mature and competitive; therefore, small business with the idea to enter the restaurant industry differentiated its business offering with the Persian cuisine. With a limited budget, the business not only offered the differentiated idea, but also the limited offerings in order to explore the market response. Additionally, the one pager website as well as the social media account have been used which is as

Identification of the sources of finance available to a medium size Assignment

Identification of the sources of finance available to a medium size business, - Assignment Example The legal implication comes in handy in that if the business does not go into overdraft, then the bank cannot charge interest. Overdrafts are repayable on demand, this could have a negative effect to the business in case of bankruptcy or where the business has no liquid cash to repay, posing a financial risk as well. A commitment fee is usually charged by the bank where a business wishes to increase its overdraft facility. No tax is charged. We can compare the opportunity cost of opting for overdrafts as compared to short term loans, with short term loans, the business does not have to worry about the bank withdrawing an overdraft before it is in a position to repay because there is an element of security which is not available with normal overdrafts. Trade credit is an interest free short term loan. If a business has a good relationship with its suppliers, this could be a viable choice of finance. Raw materials may be purchased on credit with payment terms varying from between 30 to 90 days. In a period where the general price of goods and services is escalating, purchasing through credit keeps costs down. How a business operates its credit facility has a significant influence on credit scoring affecting its future accessibility to credit. Also, a company’s credit rating could be worsened if the business delays in payments therefore making it difficult to obtain additional trade credits bringing in a tangible financial risk. Trade credits are not subjected to tax. If a business wishes to borrow from a bank for only a short period of time to purchase items such as fixed assets, then that would be termed as taking a short term loan. The amount is given in full at the beginning of the period and is paid in instalments. Term loans have legal implications that can be sited by the fact that the loans carry a facility letter setting out the terms of the

Competitive Advantage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example All these factors create competitive advantages for a company in different ways and need be looked into so that in case one fails, the others can still remain relevant for a company. In relation to cost, it entails a firm being in able to offer its products and services at reasonable prices and still make profits. To attain this, a firms recruits labor and conducts education and training forums to keep them up to date with the company’s expectations and save on production costs. On the aspect of differentiation, a company will want to create an advantage on its products with respect to branding, quality as well as innovation among other issues. The main aim of differentiating goods and services ought to be, to satisfy each customer’s needs and give quality for money paid (Pearce & Robinson, 2012). Every customer wants to feel good about a particular brand purchased, and have the willingness to purchase it another time comfortably. Speed should also be factored in a company’s competitive advantage since; it provides efficiency in the delivery of goods and services. Consequently, having fair and reliable distribution channels is an added advantage to any company. A reliable delivery service with a strong distribution network plays a major role in attracting a large client base for the company (Pearce & Robinson,

10 years from now Essay Example for Free

10 years from now Essay My primary goal over the next ten years is to graduate from the University of Florida. I will major in advertising and possibly minor in business administration. I will graduate with a Masters of Advertising (M.Adv.). In order to get this degree, I have to complete at least one hundred and twenty-four hours of credits. Some of the classes I will need to take for my major are Principles of Macroeconomics, Principles of Advertising, Advertising campaigns, and Media Planning. To earn a Masters of Advertising, at least thirty-three credits are required excluding undergraduate courses throughout the university. There are eighteen core credits out of the thirty-three. Some Classes unique to my degree are Advertising Planning, Advertising Theory, and Creative Advertising Strategies. Electives such as International communication and Advanced Media Planning are also required. A Business Administration minor at the University of Florida provides an overview of the major practical elements of business for non-business UF undergraduates. This minor can be completed on line, at UF or through a study abroad program. To earn a Business Administration minor, twenty four credits must be completed while maintaining a 2.0 or higher GPA in the minor. Obtaining a master’s degree would be beneficial in that a higher pay is earned and greater expertise in that subject is attained. The average tuition cost for undergraduates living either on or off campus at the University of Florida is $20,220. My schooling will be paid for by family savings and a Bright Futures scholarship. During my time at the Uni versity of Florida I would like to study abroad. My top locations are Madrid, London or Rome. Studying abroad would be a great experience. Through this program I could improve and increase my language skills, gain different perspectives on vital global issues, encounter new things and meet new people. The Department of Advertising at the University of Florida strongly encourages students to gain work experience through internships. Although internships are not required, they can have great benefit in the long run. Through internships, my interest, motivation and willingness to work hard could be noticed by future coworkers, clients and bosses. After completing  schooling and internships I hope to become a Director of Public Affairs in Tampa, Florida. Directors of public affairs are responsible for developing effective communication plans that strengthens brand promise, create and launch new media and marketing and to resolve public affairs issues. Qualifications for this position include a Bachelor’s degree in Communications, Public Relations or Journalism. Strong media relations skills and strong relationships with key media outlets such as print, television, bloggers and radio are preferred. The ability to multi task and to take initiative in a fast paced environment is favorable. The median pay for a Director of public affairs in Florida is $58,000. The tax rate for that income is $7,929 or 14.74%. A Director of Public affairs works with the management and assigns tasks to the staff. To ensure and maintain the company’s good reputation, the Director of Public Affairs must supervise and review the activities of the staff. In ten years, my main form of transportation will be by car. One of the most important factors considered when buying a car is price. I lean towards bigger cars such as a GMC Tahoe or a Honda Pilot. The estimated average cost of either of these cars ranges from $18,000 to $30,000. One of the disadvantages of driving a larger car is the high cost of fueling. As a result of the low MPG, a larger sum of money will have to be budgeted for gas every month. Before I begin the search for a car, a target price should be determined. It’s important to also consider how much the car can be sold or traded for in the future. Another factor to consider is whether the car will be new or used. New cars are favorable because the car won’t have any unknown problems prior to purchasing it. Used cars are beneficial due to their lower prices and shorter financing periods. In my opinion, the benefits of a used car outweigh the disadvantages. The ability to travel will play a key role in my j ob selection. I would like to travel around the world to places I’ve never been including places such as New Zealand, Australia, Italy, and Spain. I would also love to be able to go back to Scotland to see my family and visit parts of the country I’ve never seen. Tampa, Florida would be my ideal city to live in. Downtown Tampa is the central business district of Tampa. Living in a two bedroom apartment with a  roommate would make the most sense, financially, when I am starting my career. Bell Channelside is an upscale apartment community that would be suitable to both my needs and wants. The average cost for a two bedroom apartment at Bell Channelside ranges from $1442 to $1750 with a down payment of $300. These apartments have an impressive walk score of 82. The Tampa Aquarium, Channelside Bay Plaza, nightlife, dining and shopping are all in walking distance of Bell Channelside apartments. They are also conveniently close to the I-275 and the Crosstown Expressway. The crime rate in Downtown Tampa is less than 42% of the cities in Florida. Contrary to what many may assume about Downtown Tampa, it is safer than 77.9% of the neighborhoods in Tampa. ï ¿ ¼ In order to stay out of debt and to maintain my funds, I will have to budget my spending. Ten years from now, student loans will likely still need to be paid off. Falling into debt would add unnecessary stress and would delay paying off my student loans and prevent me from investing for the future. The average yearly pay of a Director of Public affairs is $58,000 which calculates to an estimated $4,833 every month. A minimum of $750 will be paid each month for rent. Monthly utilities usually aren’t included in the rent so at least $50 should be set aside for groceries and $65 to $90 for gas. The pie chart in the figure above breaks down the cost of living expenses in Tampa based on a monthly income of $4,000. I will also put money into long-term investments. Long term investing will aid future purchases and savings for houses, education and funds for traveling. If I stick to my budget and follow my plan, you will be able to find me living in Downtoan Tampa, working as a Direct or of Public Affairs, and driving a slightly used Honda Pilot in 2023.

Philosophy Communication Barriers Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Communication Barriers Essay (a) How does James think of my intending to say something? Does he think of it as a process in consciousness? James argues that our phrasing â€Å"intended to say† is an almost wrong explanation on a subconscious or even psychic thing that it happening within our minds.   The point is that we never consciously form the words in our minds or even draw upon our memory banks to call to mind images of the thing that we mean to say. Instead, it is an unconscious function of the mind that we hear something and choose to respond to it with some form of language. In the event that the language we choose is wrong, we often react with the phrase. â€Å"What I meant to say was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  James argues that this happens when the precognition of our own mind fails to work rapidly enough to anticipate the reaction of the person we are speaking to and choose the proper words to convey to a thought stream to that specific person. On the most basic level, it means that our minds did not act quickly enough to substitute the proper word into a sentence. For example, imagine talking to your best friend about her sister. The intended sentence would be, â€Å"How’s she doing?† As the speaker you would not have planned out the conversation or thought specifically about what to ask, but when you speak and say, â€Å"How’s he doing?† the immediate response is to say, ‘I meant she. How’s she doing?’ there is never a point at which the conscious mind stops and chooses the words to use. This might therefore make an interesting discussion for linguists and psychologists to determine how speech actually happens. James argues that it is a subconscious thing, which implies then that speech is a learned ability you can train the subconscious mind. Take for example learning to speak another language fluently.   Teachers argue that you cannot speak another language fluently until you can think in that language. The premise is basically the same as what James has argues. If you are completely fluent in the language and someone asks,   â€Å"Que es el nombre del gato?† You will be responding with the cat’s name before the image of the cat is even called to mind. If you are less than fluent, you will need to translate the question before you can answer, thus moving the response from the subconscious speech centers to the conscious mind. [(b) Can the arguments Wittgenstein employs against the idea that understanding words is a conscious process be adapted to show that intending or meaning to say words is not a conscious process that begins before I say them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wittgenstein argues that the meaning of a word is defined as we use it, not by some memory flash card system begun when we are children.   This then would explain in English the tendency to crease euphemisms and phrases which cannot be translated literally based on the presumed meaning of the individual world. To use his argument, if language were a conscious thing, human speech patterns would always be precise and would never relay on simile, metaphor or any other form of literary device. Instead, in essence, he is arguing that because language to create imagery that is not a specific reflection of the exact meaning of what is said, it is a subconscious action. Likewise then, if the use of language is subconscious and not dependent on a specific meaning when a word is chosen, Wittgenstein’s argument can easily be developed to explain that the use of words or even the development of an answer is not necessarily a conscious thing. Think of it as a sort of language autopilot. Our subconscious mind understands what is being discussed and how to respond to it before the conscious mind has a chance to understand the nature of the question. Therefore, the subconscious mind can formulate a response and begin it before the conscious mind starts to speak. In the event that the conscious mind disrupts the process and inserts its own words, the subconscious mind can send it a message that says, ‘What I meant to say was†¦.† c) James claims that intending to say something is or provides an anticipation or premonition (=knowledge in advance) of the words I will say or think. Do Wittgenstein’s remarks in section. 187-192 show that James is laboring under some misunderstanding about this? Explain. Wittgenstein’s remarks indicate that James is misunderstanding the functioning of the mind by calling the natural process of communication between the conscious and subconscious premonition. He would argue that the act of speech is a sort of subconscious act, with only specific forms of speech coming from the conscious mind. If both parts of the mind are working in proper harmony, the subconscious can formulate and plan a response long before the conscious mind can even think about it. However, this is not a self-premonition or anything as supernatural as James might be implying. Instead, it is a factor of the understanding of the human brain and how it works. Since the body cannot, by definition, understand the workings of the subconscious, we simply must accept that these incidences occur when the subconscious works more rapidly than the conscious mind.   Wittgenstein argues that this is not a premonition, but simply evidence that the mind works much faster than we appreciate. 2.) P. F. Strawson writes: States or experiences†¦owe their identity as particulars to the identity of the person whose states and experiences they are. From this it follows immediately that if they can be identified as particular states and experiences at all, they must be possessed†¦in such a way that it is logically impossible that a particular state or experience in fact possessed by someone should have been possessed by anyone else. The requirements of identity rule out logical transferability of ownership. [Individuals, p. 97] (a) Briefly describe Wittgenstein’s treatment of the idea that â€Å"another person can’t have my pains† in Philosophical Investigations Section 253. (Describe the aims and strategy of his remarks.)[ Wittgenstein disagrees with Strawson, with a tongue-in-cheek sarcasm to illustrate that in the event of Siamese twins, two people could share the exact same pain. Ultimately, though his goal is to demonstrate that identity is not as important to the identification of pain as far as location and intensity. Whether a person has the exact same headache that you are having is not nearly as relevant as the fact that they have had a headache in the past and can therefore commiserate with the pain that you are feeling.   In essence, he is arguing that the sameness of the pain is also irrelevant. When discussing the human condition, it is more important to draw parallels between like circumstances than to throw up semi-rational boundaries such as the identifiers that Strawson used. While it may technically, maybe, be impossible for more than one other person to feel the exact same pain that you are feeling, in the human nature of inexact speech we often use the phrase â€Å"same pain† to indicate that we have been in similar circumstances. Drawing unnecessary barriers by pointing out that our individuality will affect the way that we feel pain does nothing to promote a greater understanding of pain, the nature of the individual, the nature of empathy or the human condition. If Strawson were attempting to define the uniqueness of the individual, his commentary might have been relevant, but in a discussion about the nature of pain, it is divisive and irrelevant. The point is to discuss the sameness of the human condition in that while we may have different understandings of pain, we can interrelate via the concept of pain. For example, two women with menstrual cramps may not be experiencing the same intensity of pain or even the same location, but they can relate based on the similar circumstance. (b) Do observations like those in his PhilosophicalRemarks *2 account for all the ways we use the expression (same) pain?] Wittgenstein’s examples via Philosophical Remarks perhaps do not go far enough in disavowing Strawson’s claims, but he does make a good start. By arguing that the criteria of identifying the sameness of pain involves location and intensity as criteria rather than identity of the person feeling the pain, Wittgenstein effectively argues that Strawson’s claim is false. What he fails to discuss are the non-physical sources of pain and whether they can be the same pain or if Strawson is closer to the mark when using inaccurate language to describe emotional trauma. But here too, if Wittgenstein had desired, he could argue that Strawson’s claim is fundamentally flawed. Again, we go first to the example of identical twins that are raised together. Though there might be some differences in their emotional makeup, for the most part, they are going to feel emotional pain in the same way. But even if we forgo the genetic aspect ad simply discuss emotion as an end result of experience, it seems ludicrous to assume that each of the six billion people on the planet will have experienced life in a completely unique way and will therefore never have the same pain as another person. (c) Push Wittgenstein’s investigation one step further. We say things like this: â€Å"I had two bad headaches today: one in the morning and one in the afternoon†. What are â€Å"criteria† for sameness and difference in such cases? The primary criteria for sameness and difference in this case would be the location of the headache and its intensity. For example, a tension headache might begin at the base of the spine and radiate upward, a sinus headache might begin just below the eyes and a migraine might be a throbbing in the temples. Each can be described as a bad headache depending on the severity and each is unique in its location. However, often people who are prone to headaches will have them in the same location and are given to saying, â€Å"I had that same headache again† to indicate to the listeners that this is a recurring problem in the same location with the same intensity. When language is used precisely, this is an inexact statement, but if the primary purpose of language is to convey meaning to the listener, this can be a much simpler way of saying â€Å"I have a headache again in the same spot as I did yesterday and it hurts the same amount.† Much like with the other discussion, Wittgenstein seems to be challenging his fellow philosophers regarding their choice and use of the language. Because the language itself is inexact, making a claim simply based on the language usage is invalid. (d) Do these cases vindicate Strawson? I do not believe these issues vindicate Strawson at all. It appears that he was doing exact what Wittgenstein was trying to warn against: he was using an imprecise example of language to erect a barrier to human empathy that need not exist. Generally speaking, when a person uses the phrases, â€Å"I feel your pain† it is to indicate that I have been in a similar circumstance and have felt pain because of it. As such, I can empathize with your pain. However, people simply do not talk that way and to expect them to do so is illogical. Therefore, Wittgenstein rebukes Strawson, fairly gently, trying to make him understand that the same is not always the same.   It makes perfect sense when you consider the propensity in English to use the phrase â€Å"exactly the same†. Though sameness implies that two things are alike, we have learned to differentiate between things that are similar and thus the same in casual conversation and things that are identical.